作者:黄永刚
mermaid简介
当撰写文档的时候,对于流程图的生成大多使用Visio等繁重的工具,没有一种轻便的工具能够画图从而简化文档的编写,就像markdown那样。
mermaid解决这个痛点,这是一个类似markdown语法的脚本语言,通过JavaScript实现图表的生成。
先来看个例子:1.流程图(flowchart)
graph LR; A-->B; A-->C; B-->D; C-->D;
生成的图表如下所示:
2. 时序图(sequence diagram)sequenceDiagram participant Alice participant Bob Alice->John:Hello John, how are you? loop Healthcheck John->John:Fight against hypochondria end Note right of John:Rational thoughts prevail... John-->Alice:Great! John->Bob: How about you? Bob-->John: Jolly good!
生成的图表如下所示:
3.甘特图(gantt diagram)
gantt dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD title Adding GANTT diagram functionality to mermaid section A section Completed task :done, des1, 2014-01-06,2014-01-08 Active task :active, des2, 2014-01-09, 3d future task : des3, after des2, 5d future task2 : des4, after des3, 5d section Critical tasks Completed task in the critical line :crit, done, 2014-01-06,24h Implement parser and json :crit, done, after des1, 2d Create tests for parser :crit, active, 3d Future task in critical line :crit, 5d Create tests for renderer :2d Add to ,mermaid :1d
生成的表如下:
下游项目
Mermaid 是由Knut Sveidqbist发起旨在轻便化的文档撰写。所有开发者:
- 以上的这些都有集成mermaid或者开发相关的插件。
Graph
graph LR A --> B这是申明一个由左到右,水平向右的图。\ 可能方向有: - TB - top bottom - BT - bottom top - RL - right left - LR - left right - TD - same as TB
节点与形状
默认节点
注意:’id’显示在节点内部。graph LR
id1
文本节点
graph LRid[This is the text in the box];
圆角节点
graph LRid(This is the text in the box);
圆节点(The form of a circle)
graph LRid((This is the text in the circle));
非对称节点(asymetric shape)
graph LRid>This is the text in the box]
菱形节点(rhombus)
graph LRid{This is the text in the box}
连接线
节点间的连接线有多种形状,而且可以在连接线中加入标签:
箭头形连接
graph LR; A-->B;
开放行连接
graph LRA --- B
标签连接
graph LRA -- This is the label text --- B;
箭头标签连接
A–>|text|B\
或者\ A– text –>B
graph LR A-- text -->B
虚线(dotted link,点连线)
-.->
graph LRA-.->B
-.-.
graph LRA-.-.B
标签虚线
-.text.->
graph LRA-.text.->B
粗实线
==>
graph LRA==>B
===
graph LRA===B
标签粗线
=\=text\==>
graph LRA==text==>B
=\=text\===
graph LRA==text===B
特殊的语法
使用引号可以抑制一些特殊的字符的使用,可以避免一些不必要的麻烦。
graph LR\
d1[“This is the (text) in the box”]
graph LRd1["This is the (text) in the box"]
html字符的转义字符
转义字符的使用语法:
流程图定义如下:graph LR\
A[“A double quote:#quot;”] –> B[“A dec char:#9829;”]
渲染后的图如下:
graph LR A["A double quote:#quot;"]-->B["A dec char:#9829;"]
子图(Subgraphs)
subgraph title\
graph definition\ end
示例:
graph TB subgraph one a1 --> a2 en subgraph two b2 --> b2 end subgraph three c1 --> c2 end c1 --> a2
结果:
基础fontawesome支持
如果想加入来自frontawesome的图表字体,需要像frontawesome网站上那样引用的那样。\
详情请点击:引用的语法为:++fa:#icon class name#++
graph TD B["fa:fa-twitter for peace"] B-->C[fa:fa-ban forbidden] B-->D(fa:fa-spinner); B-->E(A fa:fa-camerra-retro perhaps?);
渲染图如下:
graph TD B["fa:fa-twitter for peace"] B-->C[fa:fa-ban forbidden] B-->D(fa:fa-spinner); B-->E(A fa:fa-camera-retro perhaps?);
以上reference:
1.第二部分—图表(graph)
定义连接线的样式
graph LR id1(Start)-->id2(Stop) style id1 fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px; style id2 fill:#ccf,stroke:#f66,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray:5,5;
渲染结果:
graph LR id1(Start)-->id2(Stop) style id1 fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px; style id2 fill:#ccf,stroke:#f66,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray:5,5;
备注:这些样式参考CSS样式。
样式类
为了方便样式的使用,可以定义类来使用样式
类的定义示例:classDef className fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px;
对节点使用样式类:
class nodeId className;
同时对多个节点使用相同的样式类:
class nodeId1,nodeId2 className;
可以在CSS中提前定义样式类,应用在图表的定义中。
graph LR A-->B[AAABBB]; B-->D; class A cssClass;
默认样式类:\
当没有指定样式的时候,默认采用。classDef default fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px;
示例:
graph LR classDef default fill:#f90,stroke:#555,stroke-width:4px; id1(Start)-->id2(Stop)
结果:
graph LRclassDef default fill:#f90,stroke:#555,stroke-width:4px;id1(Start)-->id2(Stop)
序列图(sequence diagram)
示例:
sequenceDiagram Alice->>John: Hello John, how are you ? John-->>Alice: Great! Alice--->>John: Huang,you are better . John-->>Alice: yeah, Just not bad.
sequenceDiagram Alice->>John: Hello John, how are you ? John-->>Alice: Great! Alice->>John: Hung,you are better . John-->>Alice: yeah, Just not bad.观察上面的图,如果想让John出现在前面,如何控制,mermaid通过设定参与者(participants)的顺序控制二者的顺序。上面的图可以做如下修改:
sequenceDiagram\
participant John\ participant Alice\ Alice->>John:Hello John,how are you?\ John–>>Alice:Great!
sequenceDiagram participant John participant Alice Alice-xJohn:Hello John,how are you? John-->>Alice:Great!消息的语法: 实线或者虚线的使用: [Actor][Arrow][Actor]:Message text\ Arrow的六种样式:
- ->
- –>
- ->>
- –>>
- -x
- –x
示例:
sequenceDiagram Alice->John: Hello John, how are you ? John-->Alice:Great! Alice->>John: dont borther me ! John-->>Alice:Great! Alice-xJohn: wait! John--xAlice: Ok!
便签
给序列图增加便签:\
具体规则:\[right of | left of | over][Actor]:Text
\ 示例: sequenceDiagram participant John Note left of John: Text in note
结果:
跨越两个Actor的便签:
sequenceDiagram Alice->John:Hello John, how are you? Note over Alice,John:A typical interaction
sequenceDiagramAlice->>John:Hello John, how are you?Note over Alice,John:A typical interaction
循环Loops
在序列图中,也可以使用循环,具体规则如下:
loop Loop text... statements...end
示例:
sequenceDiagram Alice->>John: Hello! loop Reply every minute John->>Alice:Great! end
渲染结果:
选择ALT
在序列图中选择的表达。规则如下:
alt Describing text...statements...else...statements...end
或者使用opt(推荐在没有else的情况下使用)
opt Describing text...statements...end
示例:
sequenceDiagram Alice->>Bob: Hello Bob, how are you? alt is sick Bob->>Alice:not so good :( else is well Bob->>Alice:Feeling fresh like a daisy:) end opt Extra response Bob->>Alice:Thanks for asking end
渲染结果如下:
甘特图(gantt)
甘特图是一类条形图,由Karol Adamiechi在1896年提出, 而在1910年Henry Gantt也独立的提出了此种图形表示。通常用在对项目终端元素和总结元素的开始及完成时间进行的描述。
示例:
ganttdateFormat YYYY-MM-DDsection S1T1: 2014-01-01, 9dsection S2T2: 2014-01-11, 9dsection S3T3: 2014-01-02, 9d
ganttdateFormat YYYY-MM-DDsection S1T1: 2014-01-01, 9dsection S2T2: 2014-01-11, 9dsection S3T3: 2014-01-02, 9d
先来看一个大的例子:
gantt dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD title Adding GANTT diagram functionality to mermaid section A section Completed task :done, des1, 2014-01-06,2014-01-08 Active task :active, des2, 2014-01-09, 3d Future task : des3, after des2, 5d Future task2 : des4, after des3, 5d section Critical tasks Completed task in the critical line :crit, done, 2014-01-06,24h Implement parser and jison :crit, done, after des1, 2d Create tests for parser :crit, active, 3d Future task in critical line :crit, 5d Create tests for renderer :2d Add to mermaid :1d section Documentation Describe gantt syntax :active, a1, after des1, 3d Add gantt diagram to demo page :after a1 , 20h Add another diagram to demo page :doc1, after a1 , 48h section Last section Describe gantt syntax :after doc1, 3d Add gantt diagram to demo page : 20h Add another diagram to demo page : 48h
获得的图渲染后如下:
header 1 | header 2 |
---|---|
title | 标题 |
dateFormat | 日期格式 |
section | 模块 |
Completed | 已经完成 |
Active | 当前正在进行 |
Future | 后续待处理 |
crit | 关键阶段 |
日期缺失 | 默认从上一项完成后 |
关于日期的格式可以参考:
- -Demo
graph TB sq[Square shape] --> ci((Circle shape)) subgraph A subgraph di{Diamond with line break} -.-> ro(Rounded) di==>ro2(Rounded square shape) end e --> od3>Really long text with linebreakin an Odd shape] cyr[Cyrillic]-->cyr2((Circle shape Начало)); classDef green fill:#9f6,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px; classDef orange fill:#f96,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px; class sq,e green class di orange
reference
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- 序列图的样式的定制需要在可以渲染CSS的地方才可使用,具体可以查阅参考。
- 甘特图的样式的定制需要在可以渲染CSS的地方才可使用,具体可以查阅参考。